martes, 28 de abril de 2015

7 - Simple Past / Nacionality / Verbs Regular-Irregular

Simple Past

(was/were)



- You were at the party / You weren´t at the party / Where were you?
- She was in the classroom. / She wasn´t in the classroom. / Was she in the classroom?
- The boys were in the park / The boys weren´t in the park. / Where were the boys?
- It was his birthday last week / It wasn´t his birthday last week. / When was his birthday?
- Mum and Dad were happy about the present / Mum and Dad weren´t happy about the present. /  Why were Mum and Dad happy?
- The books were on the self. / The books weren´t on the self. / Where were the books?
- The weather was really nice. / The weather wasn´t really nice. / What was the weather like?
- I was at school yesterday. / I wasn´t at school yesterday. / Was I at school yesterday?
- We were at Grandma´s in the summer holidays. / We weren´t at Grandma´s in the summer holidays./ When were we at Grandma´s?
- They were interesting people. / They weren´t interesting people. / What type of people were they?







Nacionality

I am from Spain / I am Spanish therefore I´m speak Spanish.

I am from Turkey / I am Turkish therefore I´m speak Turkish.
I am from the U.K. / I am English therefore I´m speak English.
I am from Poland / I am Polish therefore I´m speak Polish.
I am from Germany / I am German therefore I´m speak German.
France - French
Greece - Greek
Thailand - Thai







Irregular (simple past)



- Have - Had
- Go - Went
- Write - Wrote
- Do - Did
- Ride - Rode  Montar
- Meet - Met
- Leave - Left
- Teach - Taught
- See - Saw
- Be - Were
- Make - Made
- Fly - Flew



Regular (simple past)

- Visit -
Visited

- Play - Played
- Wash - Washed
- Walk - Walked
- Stay - Stayed
- Cook - Cooked
- Talk - Talked

Sentences (Simple Past)


- Where did we walk two months ago?  - We walked to cinema two months ago.

- Where did I Fly?  -  I flew from Madrid to London.
- What did you do at home?  -  You did my homework at home.
- How did she visit?  -  Yesterday She visited the down town.



Pronunciation (Simple Past) "-ed"



Si la pronunciación de los verbos 
termina con "d" o " t" 
la "ed" se pronuncia como "id"

to visit (vísit) - visitar
visited (vísitid)
to start (stáart) - empezar
started (stáartid)
to want (wónt) - querer
wanted (wóntid)
to add (ád) - añadir, agregar
added (ádid)
to hate (jéit) - odiar, detestar
hated (jéitid)
to rent (rént) - alquilar
rented (réntid)
to arrest (arrést) - arrestar
arrested (arréstid)
to wait (wéit) - esperar
waited (wéitid)
to rest (rést) - descanzar
rested (réstid)
to accept (aksépt) - aceptar
accepted (akséptid)
to eliminate (elíminéit) - eliminar
eliminated (elíminéitid)
to decide (disáid) - decidir
decided (disáidid)
to repeat (ripít) - repetir
repeated (ripítid)
Si la pronunciación de los verbos 
termina en "r", " n", " i" o "l"
la "ed" se pronuncia como "d"

to discover (discóver) - descubrir
discovered (discóverd)
to conquer (cónker) - conquistar
conquered (cónkerd)
to notify (nóutifái) - notificar
notified (nóutifáid)
to specify (spécifái) - especificar
specified (spécifáid)
to explore (eksplóor) - explorar
explored (eksplóord)
to destroy (distrói) - destruir
destroyed (distróid)
to sweeten (suíten) - endulzar
sweetened (suítend)
to blacken (bláken) - ennegrecer
blackened (blákend)
to prefer (priféer) - preferir
prefered (priféerd)
to combine (combáin) - combinar
combined (combáind)
to study (stáadi) - estudiar
studied (stáadid)
to stay (stéi) - permanecer
stayed (stéid)
to answer (ánser) - responder
answered (ánserd)
to clean (clíin) - limpiar
cleaned (clíind)
to call (cóol) - llamar
called (cóold)
to listen (lísn) - escuchar
listened (lísnd)
Con el resto de las terminaciones:
la "ed" se pronuncia como "t"

to talk (tók) - hablar
talked (tókt)
to walk (uók) - caminar
walked (uókt)
to work (wéerk) - trabajar
worked (wéerkt)
to love (lóv) - amar
loved (lóvt)
to receive (ricíiv) - recibir
received (ricíivt)
to help (jélp) - ayudar, socorrer
helped (jélpt)
to cook (kúk) - cocinar
cooked (kúkt)
to live (lív) - vivir
lived (lívt)
to dance (dáns) - bailar
danced (dánst)
to smoke (smóuk) - fumar
smoked (smóukt)
to arrive (arráiv) - llegar
arrived (arráivt)
to wash (wósh) - lavar
washed (wósht)
to fix (fíks) - arreglar, preparar
fixed (fíkst)
to park (páark) - estacionar
parked (páarkt)
to miss (mis) - extrañar, perder
missed (míst)
to exercise (éksersáis) - hacer ejercicio
exercised (éksersáist)



viernes, 24 de abril de 2015

6 - Apostrophes

Hay dos tipos básicos de apóstrofes: de contracción y de posesión.

Contracción:


I am = I’m                        They are = they’re 
I will not = I won’t           Who is = who’s
I would= I’d                     Does not = doesn’t
I have= I’ve                     Cannot= can’t
It is = it’s                         It has = it’s

 

Posesión:


- My son’s name is James (i.e. the name James belongs to my son.) 
- The old man’s jacket is too small.
- The team’s captain was sent off for a foul. 
- Yesterday’s weather was beautiful



Si un nombre personal termina en ‘s’ añade un apóstrofe más ‘s’, a menos que sea el nombre de una organización. 

He joined Charles’
s household in June.

James’s birthday is in August.
St James’ hospital is now closed.

Nota - Los pronombres posesivos y determinantes posesivos ya muestran pertenencia por lo que no necesitas un apóstrofe con las palabras: his o hers, my o mine, our o ours, your o yours, their o theirs. Así que, por ejemplo, ‘its tail’, no necesita un apóstrofe aunque ‘its’ significa que pertenece a it.


En inglés el apóstrofe va antes de la ‘
s’ final con sustantivos singulares o nombres, pero va después de la ‘sen el plural. Por ejemplo:

The students’ books” son los libros que pertenecen a los estudiantes, a diferencia de “the student’s books” que sólo pertenecen a un estudiante


Una vez más observa que
si la palabra o palabras sugieren más de uno o un grupo, a continuación utiliza ‘s’. Por ejemplo: 

Children’s meals will be providedy “Emma and Jane’s mother is due soon.”

 Se usan también para mostrar pertenencia cuando las palabras se han omitido. Por ejemplo: 

We went to Androv’s [house] to watch Match of the Day.” y “The Madina’s is the best Indian restaurant but Gurkha’s [restaurant] does a good curry.

No es necesario utilizar un apóstrofe para formar los plurales de los sustantivos, las abreviaturas o fechas compuestas por números. En su lugar, sólo tienes que añadir una “s” (o ‘es’, si el sustantivo en cuestión forma su plural con ‘es’). Por ejemplo: ‘the 1990s’ y ‘M.P.s’.


- The monday
´s newspaper.

- The Carlos´ car.
- The Carlos´ car´s sporty and fast.   The Carlos´car is sporty and fast.
- Juan´s got a car.    Juan has got a car.
- It´s Richard´s CD player   - The CD player´s (is) Richard´s (de)
- It´s Betty´s car  -   The car´s Betty´s  - Because she was holding a key.
- They are Sandras´s Keys  - The keys´ Sandra´s - Because she was holding keys.



martes, 21 de abril de 2015

5 - The Clock

What time is it?    What's the time?  Could you tell me the time?  5 : 50    It's ten to six

It is (+ MINUTOS)      past  /  to (+ HORAS).

Cuando los minutos terminan en un número distinto de 0 o de 5,se suele agregar la palabra minutes detrás de los mismos.   9 : 12 Twelve minutes past nine 


5 : 00 Five o'clock

2 : 15 Quarter past two /  Two-fifteen

2 : 30 Half past two   /   Two-thirty

5 : 45   Quarter to six  /  Five-forty five


a.m. (ante meridiem) 
p.m. (post meridiem)


In the morning, desde el amanecer hasta las 12 del mediodía.  9 : 10 a.m. Ten past nine in the morning
In the afternoon, desde las 12 del mediodía hasta las 6 de la tarde.  3 : 45 p.m.   Quarter to four in the afternoon
In the evening, desde las 6 de la tarde hasta las 12 de la noche.   8 : 20 p.m. Twenty past eight in the evening 
At night, desde las 12 de la noche hasta el amanecer.   2 : 50 a.m. Ten to three at night


Yesterday, I was cycling home at five past three.
He was turning off his computer at three o´clock.


9:00    I Wake up.                                            
9:05    I prepare breakfast.
9:15    I have breakfast.
9:30    I have shower.
9:45    I leave home.
10:00  I start work.
11:25  I have a break and I do shopping.
12:00  I get back to work by car.
1:15    I finish work.


When Alfonso and Barbara finishing work? 8:45
They were finishing work at cuarter past to eight / at eight forty five.

What time  were Omar and Layla going to bed? 10:30
They were going to bed at half past to ten / at ten thirty.


viernes, 17 de abril de 2015

4 - Past Continuous / Modals (Should)

Past Continuous

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.

I, you, he, she, it,  WAS          We, you, they, WERE   + V. ING




-Laura was drinking tee and she was sitting  on a chair / at a table and she was eating a sanwidch, she was wearing a shirt.

-Ton and Frank were sittinng on the floor, they were reading a book and they were wearing Jeans.

-Peter was runnig away from a dog, he was wearing a T-shirt and sport trousers.

-I was cicling home three on the dot



Modals (Should) 

Sb + SHOULD + ...            Sb + SHOULDN´T + ...       (wh) SHOULD  +  Sb + V + ... ?


-He was walking in the rain so he is cold and wet therefore he should put on a coat/change his clothes.

-He hadn´t a coat so he has a lot of cough therefore he should buy a coat.

-He was eating a lot of chocolat so he has a stomachache therefore he should drink an infusion.

-Everyday he was speaking so he has a headache therefore he should relax

-Evereday he was naked at home and he got a flu therefore he should wear something.

-He was visiting sick persons so he got a fever therefore he should be more careful. 
-Yesterday he was pelling potatoes them he cut his finger therefore he should buy a potatoes without skin.

jueves, 16 de abril de 2015

Vocabulary WHERE DO I BUY IT?

WHERE DO I BUY IT?

-Jacket : Department Store=Mal(Grande almacenes) / Clothes Shop
-Book : Bookshop
-Pen : Stationer´s Shop
-Wood slats : DIY Shop (Do It Your seft)
-E-book reader :  Software Store
-Hammer : Hardware Store (Leroy Merlin) / Ironmonger(´s) (Ferreteria)
-Shoes : Shoe Shops
-Bread : in a barkery
-Fish : Fishmonger(´s)
-Meat : Butcher´s / Butcher Shop / Super Market / Grocery : (Ultramarinos)
-Bannanas: Greengrocer(´s)

lunes, 13 de abril de 2015

Vocabulary Jobs

Jobs: 

Gardener  Jardinero/a
Plumber  Fontanero/a
Mechanic   Mecánico/a 
Electric   Electricista
Builder   Constructor/Albañil
Architect    Arquitecta/o
Secretary   Secretaria/o 
Singer   Cantante 
Musician   Músico 
Artist   Artista 
Dentist   Dentista 
Nurse  Enfermera/o 
Vet / Veterinary  Veterinario/a 
Actor   Actor
Actress   Actriz 
Dancer   Bailarina/ín 
Postal worker  Cartero/a 
Doctor /Doc   Doctor/a 
Police officer Oficial de Policía
Fire fighter   Bombero 
Soldier   Soldado
Pilot   Piloto
Astronaut   Astronauta
Sailor    Marinero/a
Photographer   Fotografo/a


Verbs:

Arrive  Llegar
Buy   Comprar
Catch   Coger (en movimiento)
Do   Hacer
Eat   Comer
Fly   Volar
Give   Dar
Hold   Sostener/Sujetar
Invest   Invertir
Jog   Trotar/correr
Keep  Guardar
Leave   Dejar
Make    Hacer/Fabricar
Need   Necesitar
Organize   Organizar
Pay   Pagar
Quit   Dejar
Ring   Llamar
Send   Enviar
Take   Tomar
Undestand   Entender
Vanish   Desaparecer
Write    Escribir
Yawn   Bostezar
Zig up   Cerrar (cremallera)




 
 

jueves, 9 de abril de 2015

3 - Present Continuous

Present Continuous 

 

(?) Wh + am/is/are + Sb + V-ing...?     When  is  he  arriving ?


(+) Sb + am/is/are + V-ing...    He  is  arriving  at  midday.



(-) Sb + am not/isn´t/aren´t + V-ing... He is not arriving until midday


NOTE:  Si queremos diferenciar un presente continuo de una acción futura, la única forma es con la marca TEMPORAL, que se suele poner al final de la frase. I´m seeling Peter.  /  I´m seeling Peter tomorrow.



[Foto: Peluquera peinando a una mujer]

What is She doing?     --------------   What does she do?    -  What does this job imply?
She is dressing the hair of the woman so She is a hairdresser because hairdressers dresses the hair of people.

So = Therefore  (Por lo tanto/ así que)
As = Since   (puesto que)

[Foto: Piloto pilotando un avión]

He is flying a plane therefore he is a pilot since pilots flyes planes.


[Foto: Mujer con bolsas de compra (comida)]

She is doing the shopping and she normally does the shopping on Mondays.


[Foto: Hombre dando un discurso]

He is giving a speech therefere he is a politician as politicians gives speechs.


[Foto: Mujer escribiendo en un ordenador]

She is typping on the keyboard so she is a secretary because secretaries type on the keyboard.


[Foto: Mujer leyendo un periódico]

She is reading a newspaper and she usually does it in the morning therefore it is morning.



[Foto: Mujer cargardo el teléfono]

She is charging the mobile and she usually does it in the morning therefore it is morning.



DESCRIPCION (Presente continuo)

What are they like?          What´re they wearing?      What are they doing?
He has sort black hair.        He is wearing a jacket.         He is drinking a beer.




My day (Daily routines)

I get up in the morning /  I have breakfast /  I leave home /  I go to work / I have lunch / I finish work /  I go home /  I have dinner /  I go to bed




 

Various examples:

- How many apples is he buying?   He is buying some apples.  - He isn´t buying any apples.

- What´s he doing?     He is photographing the moon.

- Where is he catching the bus?     He is catching the bus at the station.

- How much chocolate are you eating?     I am eating a lot.

- When is he flying?     He is flying on Mondays.

- How is he giving the letter?     He is giving the letter to my boss.

- Why are you holding the newspaper?     Because it´s dirty.

- What are we investing the money for?    We are investing in art.

- How often are they jogging?    They are jogging once a week.

- Where is she keeping the diamonds?    She is keeping it in the bank.

- When are you leaving the house?     I am leaving the house early in the morning.

How many cookies are you making?     I´m making a few cookies.

- How often are they needing the keys?    They are needing it only on Tuesdays.

- When is he organizing the job?    He is organizing it in the office.

- How much are you paying for this wine bottle?    I´m paying for this wine bottle €10.50.

- Why is he quiting the whisky?    Because he is fed up.

- Who is he ringing   He is ringing to my family.

- When are we sending the letter?    We are sending it late in the afternoon.

- How many cups of coffes are you taking?    I´m taking a few.

- Which words are you undestanding  I am undestanding none.

- When is she vanishing?    She is vanishing at night.

- What are they writing?   They are writing some memos.

- Why are you yawning?   Because I am tired.

- What are you ziping up?  I´m zipping up my jacket.

miércoles, 8 de abril de 2015

Vocabulary Clothes




2 - Sentences Present / Past

Present Tense

What do you do?  ¿Qué haces? ¿A que te dedicas?  PROFESIÓN  Lo que haces habitualmenmte  I am a waiter


Present Continuos

What's he/she doing?  ¿Qué hace él/ella?  EN ESTE MOMENTO   he works in a restaurant

-Ejemplo (Presente) WAITER que en sus ratos libres es un ASTRONAUT:

He is a waiter so he works in a restaurant but / however now he is exploring the space.
He normally wears a jacket but now he is wearing an aspace suit.
But/however Pero/Sin embargo (conectores adversativos)


-Ejemplo (Pasado) SCIENTIST que en sus ratos libres hace de  SAILOR:

He was a scientist so he worked in a laboratory, but at that moment he was on a ship.
He normally / usually wore overalls / dungarees a work coat (bata de trabajo) however at that moment he was wearing a sailor uniform.
Overalls/dungarees  Vaqueros / Vaqueros con peto
 



Verbos Irregulares

Present /  Past


Beat / Beat Golpear

Become / Became Llegar a ser
"bican"  / "biquein"

Bitse  / Bit Morder
"bait" / "bit"

Blow   / Blew Soplar
"blou" / "blu"

Bring / Brought Traer

Build  / Built Construir
"biild" / "bilt"

Buy / Bought Comprar

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